Metode Pencucian Luka pada Luka Akut dan Kronik: Literature Review
Keywords:
akut, irigasi, luka kronis, metode pembersihan lukaAbstract
Seiring meningkatnya kasus luka tiap tahunnya, metode perawatan luka juga ikut berkembang. Perawatan luka dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien dengan luka akut dan kronik. Metode pencucian luka merupakan salah satu pilihan yang tepat dalam penyembuhan luka. Namun metode yang dipilih juga harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik luka, sebab metode pencucian yang tidak perlu atau tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan trauma pada dasar luka. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan identifikasi jenis metode pencucian luka pada luka akut dan kronis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi efek dari jenis metode pencucian luka pada luka akut dan kronis. Studi penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan literatur dengan menggunakan PI(E)O (pasien, intervensi/eksposur dan hasil) untuk menentukan kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian di beberapa database. Database yang digunakan adalah PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct dan Proquest. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah (Wound Cleansing Method OR Wound Cleansing Technique) DAN (Acute OR Chronic Wound). Sebanyak 195.855 artikel teridentifikasi, setelah disaring selama 10 tahun terakhir (2012-2022), dalam bahasa Inggris, teks lengkap, duplikasi, dan sesuai judul dan abstrak, diperoleh 26 artikel dan 12 artikel termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelusuran literatur ditemukan sembilan artikel yang menjelaskan metode pencucian luka yang digunakan oleh pasien dengan luka akut dan kronik adalah swabbing sebanyak 1 artikel, dan irigasi sebanyak 11 artikel,. Irigasi merupakan metode yang paling banyak dipakai, karena jumlah bakteri berkurang, waktu penyembuhan singkat, minim nyeri dan tingkat kepuasan tinggi. Selain itu, metode irigasi dapat digunakan bersamaan dengan metode lain.
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