Analisis Fitokimia dan Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Lima Daun Syzygium terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i4.1439Keywords:
antibakteri, myrtaceae, staphylococcus aureus, syzygiumAbstract
Antimikroba resisten (AMR) merupakan tantangan klinis di seluruh dunia dan dilaporkan mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri patogen yang diketahui dapat menurunkan sensitifitas respon terhadap antibiotik sehingga diperlukan pencarian terhadap antibiotik baru. Genus Syzygium keluarga Myrtaceae telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai obat herbal salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis senyawa fitokimia dan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari lima jenis daun dari Syzygium terhadap bakteri S. aureus. Evaluasi kandungan senyawa kimia dan uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol dari kelima daun Syzygium dilakukan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antibakteri dideterminasi dengan menganalisis zona hambat ekstrak dibandingkan dengan kontrol (kloramfenikol). Kandungan fitokimia daun Syzygium positif terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, terpenoid dan steroid. Zona hambat terhadap S. aureus oleh beberapa ekstrak yaitu Syzygium aromaticum (daun cengkeh) 8,94-10,58 mm, Syzygium polyanthum (daun salam) 6,21-7,39 mm, Syzygium aqueum (daun jambu air) 6,11-6,81 µg/mL, Syzygium malaccense (daun jambu bol) 6,40-6,93 mm dan Syzygium cumini (daun jamblang) sebesar 6,41-7,53 mm.Evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dari kelima ekstrak etanol Syzygium menunjukkan bahwa S. aromaticum (daun cengkeh) memiliki potensi dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainnya. Alkaloid pada daun cengkeh telah dilakukan studi bahwa berkontribusi dalam memberikan aktivitas antibakteri.
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