Intervensi Nonfarmakologi terhadap Distres pada Anak yang Menjalani Operasi: Telaah Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v16i3.1964Keywords:
distres perioperatif, intervensi keperawatan, intervensi nonfarmakologi, operasi pada anakAbstract
Seluruh periode baik sebelum, intra, maupun pasca operasi pada anak berpotensi menimbulkan distres baik fisik maupun psikologis. Distres yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat memengaruhi proses penyembuhan luka operasi, rehabilitasi, dan menambah lama rawat. Tujuan: Tujuan dari telaah ini adalah mengidentifikasi intervensi nonfarmakalogi yang dapat menurunkan distress pada anak usia 0-18 tahun yang menjalani operasi. Metodologi: Studi ini adalah telaah sistematis dengan pencarian literatur menggunakan 7 database, yaitu PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Embase, dan Taylor & Francis Online. Studi yang ditelaah berjumlah 19 artikel dan seluruhnya merupakan studi randomized clinical trial (RCT) yang dinilai risiko biasnya menggunakan formulir Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for randomized clinical trial. Hasil: Intervensi nonfarmakologi yang dapat menurunkan distress fisik maupun psikologis pada anak yang menjalani operasi diantaranya adalah relaksasi, terapi musik, bermain terapeutik, distraksi audio visual, kehadiran orang tua dan pemberian edukasi. Kesimpulan: Intervensi nonfarmakologi dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan distress pada anak periode pra, intra dan post operasi.
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