Pemberian Perawatan Palliative pada Pasien yang Mengalami End of Life di Instalasi Gawat Darurat: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v16i2.1553Keywords:
end of life, instalasi gawat darurat, perawatan paliatifAbstract
Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) adalah unit yang selalu dikunjungi oleh berbagai jenis pasien mulai dari pasien dengan penyakit akut dan kronis maupun pasien dengan kondisi menjelang akhir (end of life [EoL]). Penanganan kondisi pasien yang memerlukan perawatan paliatif di IGD menjadi tantangan sendiri bagi tenaga Kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi kriteria inklusi untuk pasien dengan EoL yang mendapatkan pelayanan di IGD. Identifikasi difokuskan untuk mencari macam-macam domain perawatan paliatif dan jenis tindakan yang diberikan di IGD. Scoping review telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan database ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrance. Literatur utama yang digunakan pada studi ini berjumlah 10 artikel yang telah disintesis oleh peneliti. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan empat domain perawatan paliatif, meliputi penanganan fisiologis, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Perawatan paliatif berfokus pada pendekatan holistik, transkultural, komprehensif dan berpusat pada pasien, sehingga mendukung model biopsikososial-spiritual yang disajikan sebagai reaksi untuk mengatasi permasalahan pasien baik secara fisik, psikologis, sosial maupun spiritual. Pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik dalam memberikan perawatan paliatif kepada pasien EoL yang mengunjungi IGD menjadi kemampuan penting bagi perawat IGD. Tidak hanya menangani secara fisiologis, tetapi juga meliputi psikososial dan spiritual dalam perawatan paliatif di IGD, sehingga tercapai pelayanan yang optimal dan menyeluruh.
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