Penerapan Model 5A oleh Dokter Gigi dalam Konseling Berhenti Merokok
Keywords:
dokter gigi, merokok, model 5AAbstract
Salah satu upaya untuk membantu perokok menghentikan kebiasaan merokok adalah konseling. Konseling berhenti merokok tidak hanya dapat diterapkan oleh dokter tetapi juga oleh dokter gigi. Telaah sistematis ini bertujuan untuk membahas penelitian-penelitian tentang penerapan model 5A oleh dokter gigi dalam konseling berhenti merokok. Pencarian database dilakukan pada Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan Wiley Online Library dengan rentang waktu penerbitan tahun 2011-2021. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “dentist”, “ask”, “advise”, “asses”, “assist”, “arrange”, dan “smoke”. Alur inklusi dan eksklusi artikel ditunjukkan dalam bentuk diagram berdasarkan PRISMA. Kualitas metodologis dan risiko bias penelitian dari artikel yang layak ditelaah dinilai berdasarkan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Pencarian database dan pencarian sitasi masing-masing mendapatkan 439 hasil dan 3 hasil. Hasil akhir diperoleh 7 artikel yang layak ditelaah. Ketujuh penelitian selaras mengungkapkan bahwa proporsi dokter gigi yang menerapkan 5A tidak ada yang mencapai 100%. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hambatan seperti “penolakan pasien”, “waktu”, “tidak ada pelatihan”, “kurang pengetahuan”, “tidak ada fasilitas pelatihan di tempat praktik”, perujukan”, “kurang dukungan organisasi”, “kurang percaya diri”, “tidak ada kompensasi biaya”, dan “kurang tertarik”. Hambatan yang dirasakan dokter gigi dalam menerapkan 5A dapat diatasi melalui komunikasi efektif, manajemen waktu yang efisien, dukungan organisasi dalam menyediakan pelatihan konseling berhenti merokok, dan kompensasi biaya. Model 5A belum diterapkan secara komprehensif oleh dokter gigi. Penelitian observasional lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan penelitian eksperimental tentang penerapan 5A setelah dokter gigi mendapatkan pelatihan perlu dilakukan.
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