Pengaruh Teori Health Belief Model terhadap Kepatuhan pada Pengobatan Tuberkulosis: Review Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i4.2024Keywords:
ketaatan, HBM, tuberkulosis, pengobatanAbstract
Konstruksi Model Keyakinan Kesehatan (HBM) membentuk ketaatan dengan cermat. Persepsi rentan, keparahan, hambatan, efikasi diri, manfaat, serta isyarat tindakan, memandu tekad pengobatan yang kuat. Tujuan studi ini adalah menilai implikasi HBM dalam membentuk ketaatan pada pengobatan Tuberkulosis (TB). Artikel ini menyajikan sebuah tinjauan sistematik menggunakan pencarian database online yang luas (EBSCO, PubMed, dan Science Direct). Studi ini mengikuti kerangka PICO: Populasi (individu yang didiagnosis TB), Intervensi (memeriksa perilaku terkait HBM yang tinggi), Perbandingan (mempelajari perilaku terkait HBM yang rendah), dan Hasil (ketaatan pada pengobatan TB). Studi ini memasukkan artikel-artikel (observasional/eksperimental) dari tahun 2013 hingga 31 Juli 2023, menganalisis dampak HBM terhadap ketaatan pengobatan TB. Temuan mengikuti panduan PRISMA untuk transparansi dan ketepatan. Pada hal persepsi kerentanan, satu penelitian menunjukkan korelasi yang mencolok dengan ketaatan pengobatan TB, sementara tiga penelitian tidak menemukan asosiasi yang signifikan. Dalam persepsi keparahan, satu penelitian berkorelasi secara signifikan, sementara empat penelitian tidak. Lima penelitian mencatat korelasi yang mencolok antara manfaat yang dirasakan dan ketaatan, dan tidak ada yang melaporkan ketidaksignifikannya. Persepsi hambatan tidak menunjukkan korelasi dalam satu penelitian, sementara empat penelitian mengonfirmasi signifikansinya. Tindakan yang mendorong ditemukan korelasi dalam satu penelitian, sementara dua penelitian tidak. Tiga penelitian mengamati kaitan yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dan ketaatan. Kedua penelitian eksperimental lebih mendukung konseling berbasis HBM untuk ketaatan pengobatan TB. Tinjauan komprehensif menyoroti hubungan yang kuat antara konstruk HBM dan ketaatan pengobatan TB. Penggunaan HBM sebagai kerangka dasar menunjukkan potensi untuk meningkatkan ketaatan dan mendukung inisiatif kesehatan masyarakat yang lebih luas dalam mengatasi TB.
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