Ventilator Associated Pneumonia dengan Faktor Determinan terkait Pemasangan Ventilator Mekanik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v17i2.2302Keywords:
intensive care unit, ventilator associated pneumonia, ventilator mekanikAbstract
Ruangan Intensive Care Unit merupakan unit perawatan intensif dan diidentifikasi sebagai target mutu pelayanan dan keselamatan pasien dirumah sakit. Pasien ICU didominasi menggunakan ventilator mekanik yang berdampak kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Pencegahan infeksi nosokomial menjadi landasan salah satunya penerapan bundels VAP dalam perawatan untuk pencegahan VAP. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor determinan kejadian VAP pada pasien yang terpasang ventilator mekanik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Sampel penelitian semua subjek menggunaan ventilator mekanik di ICU yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi 54 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi setelah dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha (r = 0,694). Analisa data bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan analisa multivariat menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian VAP dengan pasien terpasang ventilator yaitu Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) p < 0,05 OR= 2,596 95%CI (1,021-6,601) yang artinya GCS memberikan pengaruh sebesar 25,96 kali terhadap kejadian VAP dan penyakit gagal ginjal p < 0,05, OR= 1,182 95%CI (1,070-5,560) yang artinya penyakit gagal ginjal memberikan pengaruh sebesar 11,82 kali terhadap kejadian VAP. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan penyakit komorbid seperti gagal ginjal adalah salah satu faktor determinan terjadinya VAP. Berdasarkan tindakan yang telah dilakukan oleh perawat di ruangan ICU dalam penatalaksanaan pencegahan VAP sudah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan skor GCS dan bundles VAP.
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