Manajemen Nyeri Non-Farmakologis dalam Mengurangi Nyeri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v16i3.1868Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, manajemen non farmakologi, nyeriAbstract
Permasalahan fisik yang paling sering dilaporkan penderita HIV/AIDS adalah nyeri. Dampak dari nyeri yaitu dapat mengganggu aktivitas, pola tidur, pekerjaan, suasana hati, dan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup. Manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis dapat mengurangi nyeri, meningkatkan penyesuaian dan membuat pasien percaya bahwa pasien dapat mengendalikan rasa sakit. Tujuan dari scoping review ini adalah mengetahui manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis yang digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode: Sumber literatur diperoleh melalui pencarian dengan menggunakan database PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Proquest, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian yaitu HIV/AIDS, manajemen non farmakologi, dan nyeri. Persamaan pencarian diterapkan tanpa batasan, dengan mempertimbangkan judul, abstrak, intervensi, dan metode yang digunakan. Artikel yang telah didapatkan selanjutnya dianalisis perbedaan serta adanya duplikasi. Bagan untuk representasi visual tentang bagaimana pencarian dan pemilihan artikel dibuat PRISMA-SR flow diagram. Ekstraksi data dilakukan dengan membuat tabel. Hasil: manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS yaitu perawatan profesional non-farmakologi (pijat, akupuntur/akupresur, terapi fisik, stimulator tulang belakang, kiropraktik, biofeedback dengan provider), mind-body treatment (latihan/exercise, meditasi, yoga), perawatan mandiri non-farmakologis (biofeedback, stimulasi saraf elektrik transkutan/TENS, hot/cold, gosok/pijat titik tubuh), hipnosis, latihan dan pendidikan dengan metode peer-led, pendidikan nyeri, dan terapi fisik. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah Manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis tersebut dapat menurunkan nyeri, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, dan mendukung pemulihan pasien HIV/AIDS secara holistik.
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