Kualitas Hidup Lansia dengan Riwayat Penyakit Kronis: Tinjauan Fungsi Kognitif
Keywords:
diabetes melitus, gangguan koqnitif, hipertensi, kualitas hidup, lansiaAbstract
Fungsi kognitif lansia mulai terganggu seiring hadirnya penyakit kronis seperti hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus dengan gejala berupa gangguan kemampuan mengingat informasi, komunikasi, kemandirian, membatasi partisipasi sosial dan hubungan interpersonal. Meskipun keduanya ditetapkan sebagai sumber penurunan kualitas hidup lansia, namun belum diketahui penyakit mana yang mampu menimbulkan penurunan serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perbedaan penurunan kualitas hidup yang ditinjau dari fungsi kognitif lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan model korelasi dengan desain cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data melibatkan 70 lansia yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2022 di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Sabai Nan Aluih Sicincin Padang Pariaman. Untuk membandingkan perbedaan fungsi kognitif dan kualitas hidup, lansia dibagi dua kelompok, lansia hipertensi dan lansia diabetes mellitus masing-masing 35 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian yang diadopsi dari MMSE (Mini Mental Status Exam) untuk mengukur fungsi kognitif dan Kuesioner WHOQoL–BREEF untuk mengukur kualitas hidup. Evaluasi dan analisis perbedaan kedua kelompok dilakukan secara deskriptif dan korelatif menggunakan Mann-Whitney U test. Hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus memiliki efek merugikan pada fungsi kognitif berujung pada penurunan kualitas hidup. Lansia dengan riwayat diabetes mellitus mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif dan kualitas hidup yang lebih parah. Di sisi lain, dampak yang lebih ringan terjadi pada lansia dengan riwayat hipertensi.
References
Ahmed, G. K., Darwish, A. M., Khalifa, H., & Khashbah, M. A. (2020). Comparison of cognitive function, socioeconomic level, and the health-related quality of life between epileptic patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and without. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00054-9
Bao, X.-Y., Xie, Y.-X., Zhang, X.-X., Peng, X., Huang, J.-X., Du, Q.-F., & Wang, P.-X. (2019). The association between multimorbidity and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional survey among community middle-aged and elderly residents in southern China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1175-0
Boutouyrie, P., Chowienczyk, P., Humphrey, J. D., & Mitchell, G. F. (2021). Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension. Circulation Research, 128(7), 864–886. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318061
Brar, S., Kaur, G., Muniyandi, M., Karikalan, N., Bano, H., Bhansali, A., Jain, S., Kumari, S., & Prinja, S. (2023). Cost of screening, out-of-pocket expenditure & quality of life for diabetes & hypertension in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 157(6). https://journals.lww.com/ijmr/Fulltext/2023/06000/Cost_of_screening,_out_of_pocket_expenditure__.3.aspx
Drummond, J. C. (2019). Blood Pressure and the Brain: How Low Can You Go? Anesthesia & Analgesia, 128(4). https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2019/04000/Blood_Pressure_and_the_Brain__How_Low_Can_You_Go_.21.aspx
Galiana, L., Tomás, J. M., Fernández, I., & Oliver, A. (2020). Predicting Well-Being Among the Elderly: The Role of Coping Strategies . In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00616
Hall, J. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., & Hall, M. E. (2019). Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 15(6), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0145-4
Hussenoeder, F. S., Conrad, I., Roehr, S., Fuchs, A., Pentzek, M., Bickel, H., Moesch, E., Weyerer, S., Werle, J., Wiese, B., Mamone, S., Brettschneider, C., Heser, K., Kleineidam, L., Kaduszkiewicz, H., Eisele, M., Maier, W., Wagner, M., Scherer, M., … Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2020). Mild cognitive impairment and quality of life in the oldest old: a closer look. Quality of Life Research, 29(6), 1675–1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02425-5
Iadecola, C., & Gottesman, R. F. (2019). Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction in Hypertension. Circulation Research, 124(7), 1025–1044. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313260
Kekäläinen, T., Freund, A. M., Sipilä, S., & Kokko, K. (2020). Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Leisure Time Physical Activity, Mental Well-Being and Subjective Health in Middle Adulthood. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(4), 1099–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09721-4
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2016). Infodatin Lanjut Usia (lansia). In Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI (p. 12).
Khayyat, S. M., Mohamed, M. M. A., Khayyat, S. M. S., Hyat Alhazmi, R. S., Korani, M. F., Allugmani, E. B., Saleh, S. F., Mansouri, D. A., Lamfon, Q. A., Beshiri, O. M., & Abdul Hadi, M. (2019). Association between medication adherence and quality of life of patients with diabetes and hypertension attending primary care clinics: a cross-sectional survey. Quality of Life Research, 28(4), 1053–1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-2060-8
Kotwal, A. A., Holt‐Lunstad, J., Newmark, R. L., Cenzer, I., Smith, A. K., Covinsky, K. E., Escueta, D. P., Lee, J. M., & Perissinotto, C. M. (2021). Social isolation and loneliness among San Francisco Bay Area older adults during the COVID‐19 shelter‐in‐place orders. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(1), 20–29.
Koydemir, S., Sökmez, A. B., & Schütz, A. (2021). A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Randomized Controlled Positive Psychological Interventions on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(3), 1145–1185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09788-z
Li, R., Geng, J., Yang, R., Ge, Y., & Hesketh, T. (2022). Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training in Delaying Cognitive Function Decline in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res, 24(10), e38624. https://doi.org/10.2196/38624
López, J., Perez-Rojo, G., Noriega, C., Carretero, I., Velasco, C., Martinez-Huertas, J. A., López-Frutos, P., & Galarraga, L. (2020). Psychological well-being among older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak: a comparative study of the young–old and the old–old adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 32(11), 1365–1370. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1041610220000964
Merchant, R. A., Chan, Y. H., Lim, J. Y., & Morley, J. E. (2020). Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Association with Grip Strength in Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 13, 2677–2686. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S260544
Saadeh, M., Welmer, A.-K., Dekhtyar, S., Fratiglioni, L., & Calderón-Larrañaga, A. (2020). The Role of Psychological and Social Well-being on Physical Function Trajectories in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(8), 1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa114
Şahin, D. S., Özer, Ö., & Yanardağ, M. Z. (2019). Perceived social support, quality of life and satisfaction with life in elderly people. Educational Gerontology, 45(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1585065
San Martín Valenzuela, C., Moscardó, L. D., López-Pascual, J., Serra-Añó, P., & Tomás, J. M. (2020). Effects of Dual-Task Group Training on Gait, Cognitive Executive Function, and Quality of Life in People With Parkinson Disease: Results of Randomized Controlled DUALGAIT Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101(11), 1849-1856.e1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.07.008
Song, D., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93, 97–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019
Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Millstein, R. A., von Hippel, C., Howe, C. J., Tomasso, L. P., Wagner, G. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019). Psychological well-being as part of the public health debate? Insight into dimensions, interventions, and policy. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1712. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8029-x
Ungvari, Z., Toth, P., Tarantini, S., Prodan, C. I., Sorond, F., Merkely, B., & Csiszar, A. (2021). Hypertension-induced cognitive impairment: from pathophysiology to public health. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 17(10), 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-021-00430-6
Van Leeuwen, K. M., Van Loon, M. S., Van Nes, F. A., Bosmans, J. E., De Vet, H. C. W., Ket, J. C. F., Widdershoven, G. A. M., & Ostelo, R. W. J. G. (2019). What does quality of life mean to older adults? A thematic synthesis. PloS One, 14(3), e0213263.
Weng, W., Liang, J., Xue, J., Zhu, T., Jiang, Y., Wang, J., & Chen, S. (2019). The Transfer Effects of Cognitive Training on Working Memory Among Chinese Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial . In Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (Vol. 11). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00212
Yaffe, K., Bahorik, A. L., Hoang, T. D., Forrester, S., David R. Jacobs, J., Lewis, C. E., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Sidney, S., & Reis, J. P. (2020). Cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated cognitive decline in midlife. Neurology, 95(7), e839 LP-e846. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010078.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Keperawatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
