Pengaruh Kapsul Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oliefera) pada Masa Prakonsepsi dan Kehamilan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bayi 0-3 Bulan
Keywords:
bayi, moringa oliefera, praskrining, perkembangan, pertumbuhanAbstract
Malnutrisi pada anak menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup dan kesehatan di masa dewasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai pengaruh kapsul ekstrak daun kelor pada masa prakonsepsi dan kehamilan terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi 0-3 bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain follow up study pada bayi usia 0-3 bulan yang merupakan lanjutan dari studi intervensi. Subyek awalnya adalah ibu prakonsepsi yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kapsul ekstrak daun kelor dan Iron Folic Acid (MLE dan IFA, n=20) dan kelompok placebo dan Iron Folic Acid (IFA, n=19). Jumlah sampel diperoleh dengan Teknik purposive sampling. Data Karakteristik responden diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Pertumbuhan bayi dinilai setiap bulan melalui pengukuran antropometri menggunakan pengukur panjang badan dan timbangan bayi digital sedangkan perkembangan bayi dinilai pada usia 3 bulan menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square, uji Fisher's Exact, uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann-W hitney. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prevalensi malnutrisi pada bayi usia 0-3 bulan berkisar antara 0% hingga 7.7% untuk underweight, stunting 2.6% hingga 10.3% dan tidak berbeda nyata pada semua kelompok umur. Selain itu, prevalensi wasting berkisar 0% hingga 5.1% dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok pada beberapa periode umur. Adapun Perkembangan bayi usia 3 bulan adalah 28.2% sesuai, 61.5% meragukan, dan 10.3% penyimpangan dan tidak berbeda nyata antara kelompok (p>0.05). Kapsul ekstrak daun kelor pada masa prakonsepsi dan selama kehamilan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan berat badan menurut umur (BB/U) tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan panjang badan menurut umur (PB/U) dan berat badan menurut panjang badan (BB/PB) serta perkembangan bayi.
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