Penggunaan Terapi Non Farmakologi untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Perioperatif Anak-Anak: Tinjauan Sistematik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i3.841Keywords:
anak-anak, kecemasan, non farmakologi, perioperatifAbstract
Persepsi pasien terhadap prosedur pembedahan yang “menakutkan” menyebabkan mereka mengalami kecemasan perioperatif yang mempengaruhi banyak hal, termasuk hasil perawatan yang buruk. Penggunaan obat penenang dianggap menimbulkan efek samping yang tidak menyenangkan dan dapat menghambat proses pemulihan pasien. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan terapi alternatif yang bermanfaat bagi pasien. Tujuan dari tinjauan ini adalah untuk mengetahui terapi non farmakologi apa yang sering digunakan dan terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan kecemasan perioperatif pada anak. Tinjauan sistematis ini dilakukan pada 3 database jurnal elektronik berbahasa Inggris (Scopus, SAGE, dan PubMed), dengan kata kunci pencarian yang digunakan disusun berdasarkan PICO Framework. Tahun publikasi artikel yang termasuk dalam ulasan dibatasi dari 2017-2022. Penilaian kualitas artikel menggunakan alat penilaian kritis JBI. Pemilihan dan ekstraksi artikel mangacu pada pedoman PRISMA. Sebanyak 6 artikel RCT dimasukkan dalam tinjauan menggunakan berbagai jenis terapi non farmakologis (terapi musik, guided imagery, hipnosis, terapi kehidupan anak, terapi smartphone). Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan pada kecemasan perioperatif pediatrik. Namun faktor individu, lingkungan, keluarga, dan faktor penghambat lainnya perlu dipertimbangkan lebih lanjut sebelum memberikan terapi non farmakologi tertentu kepada anak agar hasil yang optimal dapat tercapai.
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